Energy efficiency and carbon emissions of PoS Networks
The Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute has systematically assessed the energy efficiency of six leading proof-of-stake networks and their proof-of-work counterparts. The report analyzes the electricity consumption and carbon footprint of six proof-of-stake networks, including Avalanche (AVAX), Algorand (ALGO), Cardano (ADA), Polkadot (DOT), Tezos (XTZ), and Solana (SOL), as well as proof-of-work networks, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH). Please direct your questions to pos[at]carbon-ratings.com.
This new Crypto Climate Impact Accounting Framework was developed by Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) and South Pole, in consultation with PayPal’s Blockchain, Crypto and Digital Currencies (BCDC) team and other climate and crypto experts. As part of the framework release, South Pole and CCRI have jointly developed a methodology for crypto value chain stakeholders to allocate GHG emissions to their cryptocurrency-related activities. The report introduces a holistic framework that allocates the GHG emissions of a cryptocurrency’s network across the stakeholders along the value chain based on cryptocurrency-related holdings and transactions. 
The Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute has systematically assessed the energy efficiency and carbon footprint of the TRON network. The report analyzes the hardware requirements, electricity consumption of individual nodes, and carbon intensity of the TRON network to derive an overall carbon footprint of the blockchain. 
Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) has systematically assessed the energy efficiency and carbon footprint of the Polygon blockchain. The report analyzes Polygon’s layer 2 Proof of Stake network as well as its part occurring from building on Ethereum which has been based on Proof of Work so far. As such, the report presents the overall carbon footprint of the Polygon blockchain.
Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) has systematically assessed the implications of the Merge on the electricity consumption and carbon footprint of the Ethereum network. The report, commissioned by ConsenSys, analyzes Ethereum’s Proof of Work network (pre-merge) as well as the Proof of Stake network (post-merge). As such, the report presents a comprehensive analysis of the implications of the Merge.
